[36] This height is deemed the record in Japan historically, as of reporting date, that exceeds 38.2 metres (125 ft) from the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake. The tsunami also instigated a major nuclear accident at a power station along the coast. [326] The plant was shut down as a precaution. The Japan Meteorological Agency announced the English name as. Tsunami in Japan . The heat build-up caused the generation of hydrogen gas. Stuart Biggs and Aaron Sheldrick (11 March 2011). [299][325] The blaze was in a building housing the turbine, which is sited separately from the plant's reactor,[309] and was soon extinguished. [329][330] Tōhoku Electric Power Co. stated this may have been due to radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accidents but was not from the Onagawa plant itself. Het epicentrum van de beving, die een kracht van 9,0 - 9,1 op de momentmagnitudeschaal had, bevond zich voor de kust van de prefectuur Miyagi op circa 370 km ten noordoosten van de Japanse hoofdstad Tokio en circa … Of the total confirmed victims, 14,308 drowned, 667 were crushed to death or died from internal injuries, and 145 perished from burns. [239], Noted individual fatalities within Japan included 104-year-old Takashi Shimokawara, holder of the world athletics records in the men's shot put, discus throw and javelin throw for the over-100 age category. The area worst affected by the tsunami was the east coast of Honshu in Japan. Hundreds of aftershocks, dozens of magnitude 6.0 or greater and two of magnitude 7.0 or greater, followed in the days and weeks after the main quake. The thousands of bodies, however, exceeded the capacity of available crematoriums and morgues, many of them damaged,[235][236] and there were shortages of both kerosene—each cremation requires 50 litres—and dry ice for preservation. I begynnelsen av april 2011 bekreftet det japanske … The economic impact included both immediate problems, with industrial production suspended in many factories, and the longer term issue of the cost of rebuilding which has been estimated at ¥10 trillion ($122 billion). [225] The quake and tsunami killed 378 elementary, middle-school, and high school students and left 158 others missing. The report also stated that the quake had caused several major landslides on the seabed in the affected area. Japan specifically requested assistance from teams from Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the United States. [40] A 400-kilometre (250 mi) stretch of coastline dropped vertically by 0.6 metres (2 ft 0 in), allowing the tsunami to travel farther and faster onto land. Corrections? [376], The aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami included both a humanitarian crisis and a major economic impact. [339] Twenty thousand stranded visitors spent the night of 11–12 March inside Tokyo Disneyland. [273] Voluntary reductions in electricity use by consumers in the Kanto area helped reduce the predicted frequency and duration of the blackouts. [51], A report by the National Police Agency of Japan on 10 September 2018 listed 121,778 buildings as "total collapsed", with a further 280,926 buildings "half collapsed", and another 699,180 buildings "partially damaged". [367], JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) evacuated the Tsukuba Space Center in Tsukuba, Ibaraki. The damaged buildings included 29,500 structures in Miyagi Prefecture, 12,500 in Iwate Prefecture and 2,400 in Fukushima Prefecture. [275] Two substations, one in Shizuoka Prefecture and one in Nagano Prefecture, were able to convert between frequencies and transfer electricity from Kansai to Kanto and Tōhoku, but their capacity was limited to 1 GW. [162] The tsunami washed away the sole bridge to Miyatojima, Miyagi, isolating the island's 900 residents. It was later reported that a satellite orbiting at the outer edge of Earth’s atmosphere that day had detected infrasonics (very low-frequency sound waves) from the quake. [81], Most of the foreshocks are interplate earthquakes with thrust-type focal mechanisms. Five million tons of material and debris from Japan were swept out to the Pacific Ocean by the tsunami. The quake caused no injuries and little damage.) On the day of the quake itself American broadcaster NPR was unable to reach anyone in Sendai with a working phone or access to the Internet. The expressway did not reopen to general public use until 24 March 2011. [300] Over 200,000 people were evacuated. [266], In the immediate aftermath of the calamity, at least 1.5 million households were reported to have lost access to water supplies. [164], On 13 March 2011, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) published details of tsunami observations recorded around the coastline of Japan following the earthquake. Problems in issuing updates also contributed to delays in evacuations. [143] At least 101 designated tsunami evacuation sites were hit by the wave. A magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck off Japan’s northeastern coast. [41] The speed of the Earth's rotation increased, shortening the day by 1.8 microseconds due to the redistribution of Earth's mass. [206], Scientists say that the subsidence is permanent. [148][149], Large parts of Kuji and the southern section of Ōfunato including the port area were almost entirely destroyed. [75] A quake of this magnitude usually has a rupture length of at least 500 km (310 mi) and generally requires a long, relatively straight fault surface. [259] Eleven airliners bound for Narita were diverted to nearby Yokota Air Base. [102], The first sign international researchers had that the earthquake caused such a dramatic change in the Earth's rotation came from the United States Geological Survey which monitors Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) stations across the world. The magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck at 2:46 pm. The giant waves deluged cities and rural areas alike, sweeping away cars, homes, buildings, a train, and boats, leaving a path of death and devastation in its wake. [87][fn 2] The largest individual recording in Japan was 2.7 g, in Miyagi Prefecture, 75 km from the epicentre; the highest reading in the Tokyo metropolitan area was 0.16 g.[90], Portions of northeastern Japan shifted by as much as 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in) closer to North America,[39][40] making some sections of Japan's landmass wider than before. [337] In the hours after the earthquake, some train services were resumed. The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant cooling system was damaged, raising fears of a meltdown. [106][107][108], Four days later on 11 April, another magnitude 7.1 Mw aftershock struck Fukushima, causing additional damage and killing a total of three people. [279], The expected electricity crisis in 2011 summer was successfully prevented thanks to all the setsuden measures. [147] According to a special committee on disaster prevention designated by the Japanese government, the tsunami protection policy had been intended to deal with only tsunamis that had been scientifically proved to occur repeatedly. Evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake", "Energy and resilience: The effects of endogenous interdependencies on trade network formation across space among major Japanese firms", Fault that Caused Japan's 2011 Earthquake is Thin and Slippery. Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011, also called Great Sendai Earthquake or Great Tōhoku Earthquake, severe natural disaster that occurred in northeastern Japan on March 11, 2011. [200][201], The tsunami broke icebergs off the Sulzberger Ice Shelf in Antarctica, 13,000 km (8,100 mi) away. A total of 125 km2 (48 sq mi; 31,000 acres) of ice broke away. The 2011 tsunami affected over 500 kilometres of the Japanese coastline. [316][317][318] Radioactive caesium, iodine, and strontium[319] were also detected in the soil in some places in Fukushima. While the Japan Trench was known for creating large quakes, it had not been expected to generate quakes above an 8.0 magnitude. [403], 2011 magnitude 9.0 - 9.1 earthquake off the coast of Japan, "2011 Miyagi earthquake" redirects here. As a result, the communities in question are now more susceptible to flooding during high tides. [334], Japan's transport network suffered severe disruptions. [187] Authorities in Wewak, East Sepik, Papua New Guinea evacuated 100 patients from the city's Boram Hospital before it was hit by the waves, causing an estimated US$4 million in damage. The north eastern ports of Hachinohe, Sendai, Ishinomaki and Onahama were destroyed, while the Port of Chiba (which serves the hydrocarbon industry) and Japan's ninth-largest container port at Kashima were also affected, though less severely. [226] One elementary school in Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Okawa Elementary, lost 74 of 108 students and 10 of 13 teachers and staff.[227][228][229]. Le 11 mars 2011, le pays insulaire est frappé par un séisme d'une magnitude record de 9,0 qui génère un violent tsunami sur ses côtes nord-est. For the aftershock that occurred on 7 April, see, In the early days after the earthquake some other names were proposed and used. [344] Minami-Kesennuma Station on the Kesennuma Line was obliterated save for its platform;[345] 62 of 70 (31 of 35) JR East train lines suffered damage to some degree;[255] in the worst-hit areas, 23 stations on 7 lines were washed away, with damage or loss of track in 680 locations and the 30-km radius around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant unable to be assessed. Seismologists anticipated a very large quake would strike in the same place as the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake — in the Sagami Trough, southwest of Tokyo. [314] This brought the total number of problematic reactors to six. [133] The tsunami inundated a total area of approximately 561 square kilometres (217 sq mi) in Japan. [163] A 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) high tsunami hit Chiba Prefecture about 2½ hours after the quake, causing heavy damage to cities such as Asahi. [341][342], Various train services around Japan were also canceled, with JR East suspending all services for the rest of the day. JMA also implemented a simpler empirical method to integrate, into a tsunami warning, data from GPS tidal meters as well as from undersea water pressure meters, and there are plans to install more of these meters and to develop further technology to utilize data observed by them. [39][95] The earthquake also generated infrasound waves detected by perturbations in the orbit of the GOCE satellite, which thus serendipitously became the first seismograph in orbit. Odaiba also experienced liquefaction, but damage was minimal. [208], In Japan, the National Police Agency has confirmed 15,899 deaths,[209] 6,157 injured,[210] and 2,529 people missing[211] across twenty prefectures. The tsunami resulted in over 340,000 displaced people in the Tōhoku region, and shortages of food, water, shelter, medicine, and fuel for survivors. ChristopherKeough Published November 12, 2020 232 Views $0.26 earned. This earthquake followed by a tsunami hit Japan after a lapse of 1200 years. The event began with a powerful earthquake off the northeastern coast of Honshu, Japan’s main island, which caused widespread damage on land and initiated a series of large tsunami waves that devastated many coastal areas of the country, most notably in the Tōhoku region (northeastern Honshu). The earthquake is often referred to in Japan as the Great East Japan Earthquake (東日本大震災, Higashi nihon daishinsai)[15][16][fn 1] and is also known as the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake,[31] the Great Sendai Earthquake,[32] the Great Tōhoku Earthquake,[32] and the great earthquake of March 11. According to some reports, one wave penetrated some 6 miles (10 km) inland after causing the Natori River, which separates Sendai from the city of Natori to the south, to overflow. After the 2011 disaster the UNISDR, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, held its World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Tohoku in March 2015, which produced the Sendai Framework document to guide efforts by international development agencies to act before disasters instead of reacting to them after the fact. [40][75] The Pacific plate, which moves at a rate of 8 to 9 cm (3.1 to 3.5 in) per year, dips under Honshu's underlying plate, building large amounts of elastic energy. Vor der Tōhoku-Katastrophe 2011 war Japan als ein weltweit führendes Land im Tsunami-Katastrophenschutz bekannt. [202][203], As of April 2012, wreckage from the tsunami spread around the world, including a soccer ball which was found in Alaska's Middleton Island and a Japanese motorcycle found in British Columbia, Canada. [215] As of March 2012, Japanese police data showed that 70% of the 3,279 still missing were aged 60 or over, all found, including 893 in their 70s and 577 in their 80s. [126][127][128] Chile's Pacific coast, one of the furthest from Japan at about 17,000 kilometres (11,000 mi) away, was struck by waves 2 metres (6.6 ft) high,[129][130][131] compared with an estimated wave height of 38.9 metres (128 ft) at Omoe peninsula, Miyako city, Japan. The 2004 Tsunami and 2011 Tsunami are two of the most deadly tsunami that ever occurred in the history of mankind. Also, many people caught in the tsunami thought they were on high enough ground to be safe. [11], The degree and extent of damage caused by the earthquake and resulting tsunami were enormous, with most of the damage being caused by the tsunami. [358] Several Wi-Fi hotspot providers reacted to the quake by providing free access to their networks,[358] and some American telecommunications and VoIP companies such as AT&T, Sprint, Verizon,[359] T-Mobile[360] and VoIP companies such as netTALK[361] and Vonage[362] have offered free calls to (and in some cases, from) Japan for a limited time, as did Germany's Deutsche Telekom. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Calculations at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory determined that the Earth's rotation was changed by the earthquake to the point where the days are now 1.8 microseconds shorter.[103]. Cellular and landline phone service suffered major disruptions in the affected area. The backup cooling process is powered by emergency diesel generators at the plants and at Rokkasho nuclear reprocessing plant. 4. Victims aged 60 or older accounted for 65.2% of the deaths, with 24% of total victims being in their 70s. [321] Food products were also found contaminated by radioactive matter in several places in Japan. Embed Share. Japan experienced over 1,000 aftershocks since the earthquake, with 80 registering over magnitude 6.0 Mw and several of which have been over magnitude 7.0 Mw. [192], Along the Pacific Coast of Mexico and South America, tsunami surges were reported, but in most places caused little or no damage. Fishing equipment was scattered on the high cliff above the bay. Explore more on Japan Tsunami 2011. Seismic stations in Iwate, Gunma, Saitama and Chiba Prefecture measured a lower 6, recording an upper 5 in Tokyo. [38] Residents of Sendai had only eight to ten minutes of warning, and more than a hundred evacuation sites were washed away. The Japan Meteorological Agency said the quake was believed to be an aftershock from the magnitude 9.0 quake on Mar 11, 2011 that set off a tsunami… To prevent under-reporting of tsunami heights, early quantitative observation data that are smaller than the expected amplitude will be overridden and the public will instead be told that the situation is under observation. Director Hideaki Anno's 2016 film Shin Godzilla portrays the titular kaiju as a representation of disasters such as the Tōhoku earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, and criticizes the Japanese government's response to such disasters. [335][336] All railway services were suspended in Tokyo, with an estimated 20,000 people stranded at major stations across the city. The center, which houses a control room for part of the International Space Station, was shut down and some damage was reported. [96] These are expected changes[41] for an earthquake of this magnitude. John Rafferty, associate editor of Earth sciences at Encyclopædia Britannica, discussing tsunamis. Tsunami waves smashed the coast, causing massive damage and flooding. [92] On 6 April the Japanese coast guard said that the quake shifted the seabed near the epicenter 24 metres (79 ft) and elevated the seabed off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture by 3 metres (9.8 ft). The main iceberg measured 9.5 km × 6.5 km (5.9 mi × 4.0 mi) (approximately the area of Manhattan Island) and about 80 m (260 ft) thick. Map of the northern part of Japan's main island of Honshu depicting the intensity of shaking caused by the earthquake of March 11, 2011. [193] The surge in Chile was large enough to damage more than 200 houses,[194] with waves of up to 3 m (9.8 ft). [323] As late as July 2013 slightly elevated levels of radioactivity were found in beef on sale at Tokyo markets. One of the first major foreshocks was a 7.2 Mw event on 9 March, approximately 40 km (25 mi) from the epicenter of the 11 March earthquake, with another three on the same day in excess of 6.0 Mw. It is believed that the early warning by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) saved many lives. The 2011 Japan Tsunami Was Caused By Largest Fault Slip Ever Recorded. It caused some damage in Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures and at least 150 people were injured. Narita and Haneda Airport both briefly suspended operations after the quake, but suffered little damage and reopened within 24 hours. [37], The earthquake moved Honshu (the main island of Japan) 2.4 m (8 ft) east, shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm (4 in) and 25 cm (10 in),[39][40][41] increased earth's rotational speed by 1.8 µs per day,[42] and generated infrasound waves detected in perturbations of the low-orbiting Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite. (The early estimate of magnitude 8.9 was later revised upward.) [297], The Fukushima Daiichi, Fukushima Daini, Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant and Tōkai nuclear power stations, consisting of a total eleven reactors, were automatically shut down following the earthquake. The Japan Digital Archive is presented in English and Japanese and is hosted at the Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Japan earthquake and tsunami, severe natural disaster that occurred in northeastern Japan on March 11, 2011, and killed at least 20,000 people. There may be a need to replace the contaminated soil. The tsunami propagated throughout the Pacific Ocean region reaching the entire Pacific coast of North and South America from Alaska to Chile. 2004 Tsunami vs 2011 Tsunami. According to the JMA Meteorological Research Institute [ja], reasons for the underestimation include a saturated magnitude scale when using maximum amplitude as input, failure to fully take into account the area of the hypocenter, and the initial amplitude of the earthquake being less than that which would be predicted by an empirical relationship. [298] On 14 March it was reported that a cooling system pump for this reactor had stopped working;[332] however, the Japan Atomic Power Company stated that there was a second operational pump sustaining the cooling systems, but that two of three diesel generators used to power the cooling system were out of order. [6][66] Following the main earthquake on 11 March, a 7.4 Mw aftershock was reported at 15:08 JST (6:06 UTC), succeeded by a 7.9 Mw at 15:15 JST (6:16 UTC) and a 7.7 Mw at 15:26 JST (6:26 UTC). Ken Pletcher was Senior Editor, Geography and History for Encyclopædia Britannica. Some houses along the coast in Jayapura, Indonesia were destroyed. He holds an M.A. [245] Estimates of the cost of the damage range well into the tens of billions of US dollars; before-and-after satellite photographs of devastated regions show immense damage to many regions. Japan Tsunami 2011. [154][155][156][157][158][159][160] The most severe effects of the tsunami were felt along a 670-kilometre-long (420 mi) stretch of coastline from Erimo, Hokkaido, in the north to Ōarai, Ibaraki, in the south, with most of the destruction in that area occurring in the hour following the earthquake. [265] On 12 March 252 dams were inspected and it was discovered that six embankment dams had shallow cracks on their crests. an aerial view of minato, japan after a 9.0 earthquake and tsunami. All damaged dams are functioning with no problems. Hence, earthquakes in this area with magnitudes of about 7 since 1926 had only released part of the accumulated energy. [161] Near Ōarai, people captured images of a huge whirlpool that had been generated by the tsunami. Watts, Jonathan, "Quake survivors search for hope and shelter". [301], The aftershock on 7 April caused the loss of external power to Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and Higashidori Nuclear Power Plant but backup generators were functional. [105] At least four people were killed, and electricity was cut off across much of northern Japan including the loss of external power to Higashidōri Nuclear Power Plant and Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant. This motivated government researchers to look into other ways the earthquake may have had large scale effects on the planet. Helen Jung and Jeff Manning, "Waves bring destruction to Oregon's south coast", 「津波 太平洋を往復」Nikkei 2 May 2014 Morning News, Inajima, Tsuyoshi; Okada, Yuji (11 March 2011). [395][396], The quake gave scientists the opportunity to collect a large amount of data to model the seismic events that took place in great detail. Find Japan Tsunami 2011 Latest News, Videos & Pictures on Japan Tsunami 2011 and see latest updates, news, information from NDTV.COM. However, the estimated intensities were smaller than the actual ones in some places, especially in Kanto, Koshinetsu, and Northern Tōhoku regions where the populace warning did not trigger. [193] Peru reported a wave of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) and more than 300 homes damaged. These include Sendai #4, New-Sendai #1 and #2, Haranomachi #1 and #2, Hirono #2 and #4 and Hitachinaka #1. Damaging tsunami waves struck the coasts of Iwate prefecture, just north of Miyagi prefecture, and Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Chiba, the prefectures extending along the Pacific coast south of Miyagi.
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